GBT50123-2019······1

1 總則······33

2 術語和符號······34

2.1 術語······34

2.2 符號······35

3 基本規定······39

4 試樣制備和飽和······40

4.1 一般規定······40

4.2 儀器設備······40

4.3 擾動土試樣預備程序······41

4.4 擾動土試樣制備······42

4.5 原狀土試樣制備······43

4.6 試樣飽和······43

4.7 計算和記錄······46

5 含水率試驗······48

5.1 一般規定······48

5.2 烘干法······48

5.3 酒精燃燒法······49

6 密度試驗······51

6.1 一般規定······51

6.2 環刀法······51

6.3 蠟封法······52

7 比重試驗······54

7.1 一般規定······54

7.2 比重瓶法······54

7.3 浮稱法······56

7.4 虹吸筒法······58

8 顆粒分析試驗······61

8.1 一般規定······61

8.2 篩析法······61

8.3 密度計法······64

8.4 移液管法······73

9 界限含水率試驗······76

9.1 一般規定······76

9.2 液塑限聯合測定法······76

9.3 碟式儀液限法······79

9.4 搓滾塑限法······81

9.5 縮限試驗······82

10 崩解試驗······84

11 毛管水上升高度試驗······86

11.1 一般規定······86

11.2 直接觀測法······86

11.3 土樣管法······87

12 相對密度試驗······89

12.1 一般規定······89

12.2 最小干密度試驗······89

12.3 最大干密度試驗······91

13 擊實試驗······94

13.1 一般規定······94

13.2 儀器設備······94

13.3 操作步驟······96

13.4 計算、制圖和記錄······97

14 承載比試驗······99

14.1 一般規定······99

14.2 儀器設備······99

14.3 操作步驟······102

14.4 計算、制圖和記錄······104

15 回彈模量試驗······106

15.1 一般規定······106

15.2 杠桿壓力儀法······106

15.3 強度儀法······109

16 滲透試驗······111

16.1 一般規定······111

16.2 常水頭滲透試驗······111

16.3 變水頭滲透試驗······114

17 固結試驗······117

17.1 一般規定······117

17.2 標準固結試驗······117

17.3 快速固結試驗······123

17.4 應變控制加荷固結試驗······124

18 黃土濕陷試驗······128

18.1 一般規定······128

18.2 濕陷系數試驗······128

18.3 自重濕陷系數試驗······129

18.4 溶濾變形系數試驗······130

18.5 濕陷起始壓力試驗······130

19 三軸壓縮試驗······132

19.1 一般規定······132

19.2 儀器設備······132

19.3 試樣的制備和飽和······138

19.4 不固結不排水剪試驗······142

19.5 固結不排水剪試驗······143

19.6 固結排水剪試驗······145

19.7 一個試樣多級加荷試驗······145

19.8 計算、制圖和記錄······146

20 無側限抗壓強度試驗······150

20.1 一般規定······150

20.2 儀器設備······150

20.3 操作步驟······151

20.4 計算、制圖和記錄······152

21 直接剪切試驗······154

21.1 一般規定······154

21.2 儀器設備······154

21.3 操作步驟······155

21.4 計算、制圖和記錄······157

22 排水反復直接剪切試驗······159

22.1 一般規定······159

99.2 儀器設備······159

22.3 操作步驟······159

22.4 計算、制圖和記錄······161

23 無黏性土休止角試驗······163

23.1 一般規定······163

23.2 儀器設備······163

23.3 操作步驟······164

23.4 計算和記錄······164

24 自由膨脹率試驗······165

24.1 一般規定······165

24.2 儀器設備······165

24.3 操作步驟······165

24.4 計算和記錄······166

25 膨脹率試驗······168

25.1 一般規定······168

25.2 無荷載膨脹率試驗······168

25.3 有荷載膨脹率試驗······170

26 收縮試驗······172

26.1 一般規定······172

26.2 儀器設備······172

26.3 試驗步驟······173

26.4 計算、制圖和記錄······173

27 膨脹力試驗······175

27.1 一般規定······175

27.2 儀器設備······175

27.3 操作步驟······175

27.4 計算和記錄······176

28 土的靜止側壓力系數試驗······177

28.1 一般規定······177

28.2 儀器設備······177

28.3 操作步驟······178

28.4 計算、制圖和記錄······179

29 振動三軸試驗······180

29.1 一般規定······180

29.2 儀器設備······180

29.3 操作步驟······181

29.4 計算、制圖和記錄······185

30 共振柱試驗······190

30.1 一般規定······190

30.2 儀器設備······190

30.3 操作步驟······191

30.4 計算、制圖和記錄······194

31 土的基床系數試驗······198

31.1 一般艦定······198

31.2 儀器設備······198

31.3 操作步驟······198

31.4 計算、制圖和記錄······199

32 凍土含水率試驗······200

32.1 一般規定······200

32.2 烘干法······200

32.3 聯合測定法······201

33 凍土密度試驗······204

33.1 一般規定······204

33.2 浮稱法······204

33.3 聯合測定法······206

33.4 環刀法······206

33.5 充砂法······207

34 凍結溫度試驗······209

34.1 一般規定······209

34.2 儀器設備······209

34.3 操作步驟······210

34.4 計算、制圖和記錄······211

35 凍土導熱系數試驗······212

35.1 一般規定······212

35.2 儀器設備······212

35.3 操作步驟······213

35.4 計算和記錄······213

36 凍土的未凍含水率試驗······215

36.1 一般規定······215

36.2 儀器設備······215

36.3 操作步驟······215

36.4 計算、制圖和記錄······215

37 凍脹率試驗······217

37.1 一般規定······217

37.2 儀器設備······217

37.3 操作步驟······218

37.4 計算和記錄······219

38 凍土融化壓縮試驗······220

38.1 一般規定······220

38.2 儀器設備······220

38.3 操作步驟······221

38.4 計算、制圖和記錄······122

39 原位凍土融化壓縮試驗······224

39.1 一般規定······224

39.2 儀器設備······224

39.3 操作步驟······225

39.4 計算、制圖和記錄······227

40 原位凍脹率試驗······228

40.1 一般規定······228

40.2 儀器設備······228

40.3 操作步驟······229

40.4 計算、制圖和記錄······229

41 原位密度試驗······231

41.1 一般規定······231

41.2 灌砂法······231

41.3 灌水法······234

42 試坑滲透試驗······236

42.1 一般規定······236

42.2 儀器設備······236

42.3 操作步驟······237

42.4 計算和記錄······237

43 原位直剪試驗······239

43.1 一般規定······239

43.2 儀器設備······239

43.3 操作步驟······239

43.4 計算、制圖和記錄······241

44 十字板剪切試驗······243

44.1 一般規定······243

44.2 電測式十字板剪切試驗······243

44.3 機械式十字板剪切試驗······246

45 標準貫入試驗······250

45.1 一般規定······250

45.2 儀器設備······250

45.3 操作步驟······251

45.4 計算、制圖和記錄······252

46 靜力觸探試驗······253

46.1 一般規定······253

46.2 儀器設備······253

46.3 操作步驟······257

46.4 計算、制圖和記錄······259

47 動力觸探試驗······261

47.1 一般規定······261

47.2 儀器設備······261

47.3 操作步驟······263

47.4 計算、制圖和記錄······264

48 旁壓試驗······266

48.1 一般規定······266

48.2 儀器設備······266

48.3 操作步驟······267

48.4 計算、制圖和記錄······270

49 載荷試驗······273

49.1 一般規定······273

49.2 平板載荷試驗······273

49.3 黃土浸水載荷試驗······279

49.4 螺旋板載荷試驗······281

50 波速試驗······287

50.1 一般規定······287

50.2 儀器設備······287

50.3 操作步驟······288

50.4 計算、制圖和記錄······291

51 化學分析試樣風干含水率試驗······294

51.1 一般規定······294

51.2 儀器設備······294

51.3 操作步驟······294

51.4 計算和記錄······295

52 酸堿度試驗······296

52.1 一般規定······296

52.2 儀器設備和試劑······296

52.3 操作步驟和記錄······297

53 易溶鹽試驗······298

53.1 一般規定······298

53.2 浸出液制取······298

53.3 易溶鹽總量測定質量法······298

53.4 碳酸根（CO32?）及重碳酸根（HCO??）的測定雙指示劑中和滴定法······300

53.5 氯離子（CI?）的測定（硝酸銀滴定法）······302

53.6 硫酸根SO42?的測定（EDTA絡合滴定法或比濁法）······304

53.7 鈣離予（Ca2?）的測定（EDTA法）······309

53.8 鎂離子（Mg2?）的測定鈣鎂合量滴定法······310

53.9 鈉離子（Na?）和鉀離子（K?）的測定（火焰光度法）······311

54 中溶鹽石膏試驗······314

54.1 一般規定······314

54.2 儀器設備和試劑······314

54.3 操作步驟······314

54.4 計算和記錄······315

55 難溶鹽碳酸鈣試驗······317

55.1 一般規定······317

55.2 簡易堿吸收容量法······317

55.3 氣量法······319

56 有機質試驗······324

56.1 一般規定······324

56.2 儀器設備和試劑······324

56.3 操作步驟······325

56.4 計算和記錄······326

57 游離氧化鐵試驗······327

57.1 一般規定······327

57.2 儀器設備和試劑······327

57.3 操作步驟······328

57.4 計算······329

58 陽離子交換量試驗······331

58.1 一般規定······331

58.2 氯化鋇緩沖液法······331

58.3 1mol.L?1乙酸銨交換法······333

58.4 乙酸鈉-火焰光度法······337

59 土的X射線衍射礦物成分試驗······339

59.1 一般規定······339

59.2 儀器設備和試劑······339

59.3 操作步驟······340

59.4 數據整理、鑒定和記錄······343

60 粗顆粒土的試樣制備······349

60.1 一般規定······349

60.2 儀器設備······349

60.3 操作步驟······349

60.4 計算和記錄······351

61 粗顆粒土相對密度試驗······353

61.1 一般規定······353

61.2 儀器設備······353

61.3 操作步驟······354

61.4 計算和記錄······356

62 粗顆粒土擊實試驗······358

62.1 一般規定······358

62.2 儀器設備······358

62.3 操作步驟······359

62.4 計算、制圖和記錄······361

63 粗顆粒土的滲透及滲透變形試驗······362

63.1 一般規定······362

63.2 儀器設備······362

63.3 操作步驟······364

63.4 計算、制圖和記錄······366

64 反濾試驗······369

64.1 一般規定······369

64.2 無黏性土的反濾試驗······369

64.3 黏性土的反濾試驗······371

65 粗顆粒土固結試驗······373

65.1 一般規定······373

65.2 儀器設備······373

65.3 操作步驟······374

65.4 計算、制圖和記錄······375

66 粗顆粒土直接剪切試驗······376

66.1 般規定······376

66.2 儀器設備······376

66.3 操作步驟······377

66.4 計算、制圖和記錄······379

67 粗顆粒土三軸壓縮試驗······381

67.1 般規定······381

67.2 儀器設備······381

67.3 無黏性粗顆粒土三軸壓縮試驗······382

67.4 黏質粗顆粒土三軸壓縮試驗······386

67.5 計算、制圖和記錄······388

68 粗顆粒土三軸蠕變試驗······389

68.1 一般規定······339

68.2 儀器設備······389

68.3 操作步驟······389

68.4 計算、制圖和記錄······390

69 粗顆粒土三軸濕化變形試驗······392

69.1 一般規定······392

69.2 儀器設備······392

69.3 操作步驟······393

69.4 計算、制圖和記錄······394

附錄A 試驗資料的整理與試驗報告······396

附錄B 土樣的要求與管理······399

附錄C 土的工程分類······403

附錄D 各項試驗記錄表······406

本標準用詞說明······511

引用標準名錄······512

附：條文說明······513

1 總 則······525

3 基本規定······526

4 試樣制備和飽和······527

4.1 一般規定······527

4.3 擾動土試樣預備程序······527

4.4 擾動土試樣制備······528

4.5 原狀土試樣制備······529

4.6 試樣飽和······529

5 含水率試驗······530

5.1 一般規定······530

5.2 烘干法······530

5.3 酒精燃燒法······531

6 密度試驗······532

6.1 一般規定······532

6.2 環刀法······532

6.3 蠟封法······532

7 比重試驗······533

7.1 一般規定······533

7.2 比重瓶法······533

7.3 浮稱法······534

8 顆粒分析試驗······535

8.1 一般規定······535

8.2 篩析法······535

8.3 密席計法······535

8.4 移液管法······539

9 界限含水率試驗······540

9.2 液塑限聯合測定法······540

9.3 碟式儀液限法······543

9.4 搓滾塑限法······544

9.5 縮限試驗······544

10 崩解試驗······545

11 毛管水上升高度試驗······546

11.1 一般規定······546

11.2 直接觀測法······546

11.3 土樣管法······546

12 相對密度試驗······548

12.1 一般規定······548

12.2 最小干密度試驗······549

12.3 最大干密度試驗······549

13 擊實試驗······551

13.1 一般規定······551

13.3 操作步驟······551

13.4 計算、制圖和記錄······553

14 承載比試驗······554

14.1 一般規定······554

14.3 操作步驟······554

14.4 計算、制圖和記錄······554

15 回彈模量試驗······556

15.2 杠桿壓力儀法······556

15.3 強度儀法······556

16 滲透試驗······557

16.1 一般規定······557

16.2 常水頭滲透試驗······557

16.3 變水頭滲透試驗······558

17 固結試驗······560

17.1 一般規定······560

17.2 標準固結試驗······560

17.3 快速固結試驗······563

17.4 應變控制加荷固結試驗······563

18 黃土濕陷試驗······565

18.1 一般規定······565

18.2 濕陷系數試驗······565

18.3 自重濕陷系數試驗······566

18.4 溶濾變形系數試驗······566

18.5 濕陷起始壓力試驗······566

19 三軸壓縮試驗······568

19.1 一般規定······568

19.2 儀器設備······570

19.3 試樣的制備和飽和······571

19.4 不固結不排水剪試驗······572

19.5 固結不排水剪試驗······572

19.6 固結排水剪試驗······574

19.7 一個試樣多級加荷試驗······575

19.8 計算、制圖和記錄······576

20 無側限抗壓強度試驗······578

20.3 操作步驟······578

20.4 計算、制圖和記錄······579

21 直接剪切試驗······580

21.1 一般規定······580

21.2 儀器設備······580

21.3 操作步驟······581

21.4 計算、制圖和記錄······582

22 排水反復直接剪切試驗······583

22.1 一般規定······583

22.2 儀器設備······584

22.3 操作步驟······584

24 自由膨脹率試驗······587

24.1 一般規定······587

24.3 操作步驟······587

25 膨脹率試驗······588

25.2 無荷載膨脹率試驗······588

25.3 有荷載膨脹率試驗······588

26 收縮試驗······590

26.1 一般規定······590

26.2 儀器設備······590

26.3 試驗步驟······590

26.4 計算、制圖和記錄······590

27 膨脹力試驗······591

27.1 一般規定······591

27.3 操作步驟······591

28 土的靜止側壓力系數試驗······592

28.2 儀器設備······592

28.3 操作步驟······593

29 振動三軸試驗······594

29.1 一般規定······594

29.2 儀器設備······595

29.3 操作步驟······595

29.4 計算、制圖和記錄······599

30 共振柱試驗······601

30.1 一般規定······601

30.2 儀器設各······601

30.3 操作步驟······602

30.4 計算、制圖和記錄······603

31 土的基床系數試驗······605

31.3 操作步驟······605

32 凍土含水率試驗······606

32.1 一般規定······606

32.2 烘干法······606

32.3 聯合測定法······607

33 凍土密度試驗······609

33.1 一般規定······609

33.2 浮稱法······609

33.4 環刀法······609

34 凍結溫度試驗······610

34.2 儀器設備······610

34.3 操作步驟······610

35 凍土導熱系數試驗······112

35.1 一般規定······612

35.3 操作步驟······612

35.4 計算和記錄······612

36 凍土的未凍含水率試驗······613

36.3 操作步驟······613

37 凍脹率試驗······614

37.1 一般規定······614

37.3 操作步驟······615

38 凍土融化壓縮試驗······616

38.1 一般規定······616

38.2 儀器設備······616

38.3 操作步驟······616

39 原位凍土融化壓縮試驗······618

39.1 一般規定······618

39.2 儀器設備······618

39.3 操作步驟······618

40 原位凍脹率試驗······619

40.2 儀器設備······619

40.3 操作步驟······619

41 原位密度試驗······621

41.2 灌砂法······621

41.3 灌水法······622

42 試坑滲透試驗······624

42.1 般規定······624

43 原位直剪試驗······625

43.1 般規定······625

43.3 操作步驟······626

43.4 計算、制圖和記錄······627

44 十字板剪切試驗······629

44.2 電測式十字板剪切試驗······629

44.3 機械式十字板剪切試驗······629

45 標準貫入試驗······631

45.2 儀器設備······631

45.3 操作步驟······632

45.4 計算、制圖和記錄······633

46 靜力觸探試驗······636

46.1 一般規定······636

46.2 儀器設備······636

46.3 操作步驟······639

46.4 計算、制圖和記錄······641

47 動力觸探試驗······644

47.1 一般規定······644

47.2 儀器設備······645

47.3 操作步驟······647

47.4 計算、制圖和記錄······647

48 旁壓試驗······651

48.1 一般規定······651

48.2 儀器設備······651

48.3 操作步驟······651

48.4 計算、制圖和記錄······653

49 載荷試驗······657

49.1 一般規定······657

49.2 平板載荷試驗······657

49.3 黃土浸水載荷試驗······660

49.4 螺旋板載荷試驗······661

50 波速試驗······666

50.1 一般規定······666

50.2 儀器設備······666

50.3 操作步驟······668

50.4 計算、制圖和記錄······671

51 化學分析試樣風干含水率試驗······674

51.1 一般規定······674

51.2 儀器設備······674

51.3 操作步驟······674

52 酸堿度試驗······675

52.3 操作步驟和記錄······675

53 易溶鹽試驗······676

53.2 浸出液制取······676

53.3 易溶鹽總量測定質量法······677

53.4 碳酸根（CO32?）及重碳酸根（HCO??）的測定（雙指示劑中和滴定法）······677

53.5 氯離子（CI?）的測定（硝酸銀滴定法）······678

53.6 硫酸根（SO42?）的測定（EDTA絡合滴定法或比濁法）······678

53.7 鈣離子（Ca2?）的測定（EDTA法）······679

53.8 鎂離子（Mg2?）的測定（鈣鎂合量滴定法）······679

53.9 鈉離子（Na?）和鉀離子（K?）的測定（火焰光度法）······679

54 中溶鹽石膏試驗······681

54.1 一般規定······681

54.3 操作步驟······681

55 難溶鹽碳酸鈣試驗······682

55.1 一般規定······682

55.3 氣量法······682

56 有機質試驗······683

56.1 一般規定······683

57 游離氧化鐵試驗······684

57.1 一般規定······684

57.3 操作步驟······684

58 陽離子交換量試驗······685

58.2 氯化鋇緩沖液法······685

59 土的X射線衍射礦物成分試驗······686

59.1 一般規定······686

59.3 操作步驟······686

60 粗顆粒土的試樣制備······687

60.1 一般規定······687

60.3 操作步驟······687

61 粗顆粒土相對密度試驗······692

61.1 一般規定······692

61.2 儀器設備······692

61.3 操作步驟······693

61.4 計算和記錄······693

62 粗顆粒土擊實試驗······694

62.1 一般規定······694

62.3 操作步驟······694

63 粗顆粒土的滲透及滲透變形試驗······695

63.1 般規定······695

63.2 儀器設備······695

63.3 操作步驟······696

63.4 計算、制圖和記錄······697

64 反濾試驗······698

64.2 無黏性土的反濾試驗······698

64.3 黏性土的反濾試驗······698

65 粗顆粒土固結試驗······700

65.2 儀器設備······700

65.3 操作步驟······700

66 粗顆粒土直接剪切試驗······701

66.2 儀器設備······701

66.3 操作步驟······702

66.4 計算、制圖和記錄······704

67 粗顆粒土三軸壓縮試驗······705

67.1 一般規定······705

67.2 儀器設備······705

67.3 無黏性粗顆粒土三軸壓縮試驗······705

67.4 黏質粗顆粒土三軸壓縮試驗······708

68 粗顆粒土三軸蠕變試驗······709

68.1 一般規定······709

68.2 儀器設備······710

68.3 操作步驟······710

68.4 計算、制圖和記錄······711

69 粗顆粗土三軸濕化變形試驗······712

69.1 一般規定······712

69.3 操作步驟······712

69.4 計算、制圖和記錄······713